Hitting the Brakes

Engineering Design and the Production of Knowledge

Auteur: Johnson, Ann
Éditeur: Duke University Press
ISBN: 9780822345268
eISBN Pdf: 9780822391043
Lieu de publication: Durham , United States
Année de publication électronique: 2009
Mois : Novembre
Pages: 226
DDC: 629.2/4609
Langue: Anglais

Légende

In Hitting the Brakes, Ann Johnson illuminates the complex social, historical, and cultural dynamics of engineering design, in which knowledge communities come together to produce new products and knowledge. Using the development of antilock braking systems for passenger cars as a case study, Johnson shows that the path to invention is neither linear nor top-down, but highly complicated and unpredictable. Individuals, corporations, university research centers, and government organizations informally coalesce around a design problem that is continually refined and redefined as paths of development are proposed and discarded, participants come and go, and information circulates within the knowledge community. Detours, dead ends, and failures feed back into the developmental process, so that the end design represents the convergence of multiple, diverse streams of knowledge.

The development of antilock braking systems (ABS) provides an ideal case study for examining the process of engineering design because it presented an array of common difficulties faced by engineers in research and development. ABS did not develop predictably. Research and development took place in both the public and private sectors and involved individuals working in different disciplines, languages, institutions, and corporations. Johnson traces ABS development from its first patents in the 1930s to the successful 1978 market introduction of integrated ABS by Daimler and Bosch. She examines how a knowledge community first formed around understanding the phenomenon of skidding, before it turned its attention to building instruments to measure, model, and prevent cars’ wheels from locking up. While corporations’ accounts of ABS development often present a simple linear story, Hitting the Brakes describes the full social and cognitive complexity and context of engineering design.

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
One - Design and the Knowledge Community
Two - A Genealogy of Knowledge Communities and Their Artifacts
Three - The British Road Research Laboratory: Constructing the Questions
Four - The Track and the Lab: Brake Testing from Dynamometers to Simulations
Five - From Things Back to Ideas: Constructing Theories of Vehicle Dynamics
Six - Learning from Failure: Antilock Systems Emerge in the United States
Seven - Eines ist sicher! Successful Antilock Systems in West Germany
Eight - Public Proprietary Knowledge? Knowledge Communities between the Private and Public Sectors
Epilogue - ABS and Risk Compensation
Notes
Bibliography
Index