A comprehensive guide to the men and women who contributed to and defined these musical genres in South Carolina
In An Encyclopedia of South Carolina Jazz and Blues Musicians, Benjamin Franklin V documents the careers of South Carolina jazz and blues musicians from the nineteenth century to the present. The musicians range from the renowned (James Brown, Dizzy Gillespie), to the notable (Freddie Green, Josh White), to the largely forgotten (Fud Livingston, Josie Miles),to the obscure (Lottie Frost Hightower, Horace "Spoons" Williams), to the unknown (Vince Arnold, Johnny Wilson).
Though the term "jazz" is commonly understood, if difficult to define, "blues" has evolved over time to include rhythm and blues, doo-wop, and soul music. Performers in these genres are represented, as are members of the Jenkins Orphanage bands of Charleston. The volume also treats nineteenth-century musicians who performed what might be called proto-jazz or proto-blues in string bands, medicine shows, vaudeville, and the like.
Organized alphabetically, from Johnny Acey to Webster Young, the book's entries include basic biographical information, South Carolina residences, career details, compositions, recordings as leaders and as band members, films, awards, Web sites, and lists of resources for additional reading. Franklin has ensured biographical accuracy to the greatest degree possible by consulting such sources as the census, military registers, passport applications, and other public documents including, when law permitted, death certificates. Information in these records permitted him to dispel myths and correct misinformation that have surrounded South Carolina's musical history for generations.
- Cover
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Encyclopedia Entries, A–Z
- A
- Acey, Johnny (John AceyGoudelock; “Johnny Chef”)
- Aiken, Bud (Lucius Eugene)
- Aiken, Gus (Augustus)
- Aitken, Virgil
- Alberti, Bob (Robert Lewis)
- Allen, Doris
- Allen’s Brass Band
- Allison, Mose John, Jr.
- Alston, Herbert A.
- Anderson, Alvin Lewis
- Anderson, Buster (James)
- Anderson, Cat (William Alonzo)
- Anderson, Charles
- Anderson, Eugene
- Anderson, Kip
- Anderson, Little Pink (Alvin Lewis)
- Anderson, Maceo E.
- Anderson, Pink (Pinkney)
- Anderson, Sunshine (James)
- Antrum, (Theodore) Roosevelt
- Arnold, John Henry (“Big Man,” “Blind Man”)
- Arnold, Mac (McAlvin)
- Arnold, Vince
- Asbury, Willie
- Ashford, Nick (Nickolas)
- Askew, Fleming or Flemming
- B
- Barbour, Lee David
- Bash, Walter
- Bates, Peg Leg (Clayton)
- Baxter, Quentin E.
- Beckum, Jimmy (Bernard James; “Big Jim”)
- Belden, Bob (James Robert)
- Benford, Bill (William Charles)
- Benford, Tommy (Thomas P.)
- Bennett, Daniel
- Bennett, Freddie (Frederick)
- Benton, Brook (Benjamin Franklin Peay)
- Bilbro, Bert Hunter
- Bing, Bill (Cleveland, Though Possibly Willie)
- Bing, Isaiah S.
- Blake, William Leroy
- Blowers, Johnny (John Garrett, Jr.)
- Blue Scotty (Milford Kenneth Scott)
- Bogan, Ted (Theodore R.)
- Bolton, Robert
- Bonds, Will
- Bouchillon, Charlie (Charles G.)
- Bouchillon, Chris (Christopher Allen)
- Bouchillon, Ethel Mae Waters
- Bouchillon, (John) Uris
- Bowen, Ichabod Marcy
- Bowers, David C. (“Boots”)
- Bowie, Prince
- Bowman, Theodore Albert
- Boyd, Don (Donald Edward)
- Bradley, Herman
- Brazel, Gerald
- Briggans, Eunice
- Briggs, J. T. (“Preacher”)
- Briggs, Pete (Peter)
- Brigham, Eunice Henry
- Briscoe, Sylvester
- Brockman, (Marion) Brooks
- Brooks, Baby (Roosevelt)
- Brooks, Sam
- Brown, Arthur
- Brown, Charles
- Brown, Charleston (Russell)
- Brown, Clinton
- Brown, Edward
- Brown, James
- Brown, James Joseph (“Godfather of Soul”)
- Brown, John
- Brown, Kathy (Katherine Ann)
- Brown, Maxine
- Brown, Melvin
- Brown, Nappy (Napoleon Brown Culp)
- Bruggan, Eunice
- Bryant, Gladys Lillian
- Bryson, Peabo (Robert Peapo)
- C
- Cadett, Wilmot
- Calhoun, Lucy
- Callaham, (Andrew) Bernard
- Campbell, Richard
- Captain Luke (Luther Mayer, Jr.)
- Carolina Slim (Elijah Staley)
- Carter, Wilbur
- Cedar Creek Sheik (Philip McCutchen)
- Chaney, Babe
- Charleston Camp-Meeting Shouters
- Charleston Quartet
- Checker, Chubby (Ernest Evans)
- Childers, Virgil
- Chocolate Thunder
- Christopher, Homer C.
- Christopher, (Martha) Katherine Raines
- Claflin University Plantation Melody Quintet
- Claflin University Quintet
- Clark(e), Erskine
- Clark’s Brass Band
- Coker, Dolo (Charles Mitchell)
- Conger, Larry (Laurence Henry)
- Corley, Johnnie J., Jr.
- Covay, Don (James Donald Randolph; “Pretty Boy”)
- Craig, Ralph Francis
- Crawford, Rosetta Smalls
- D
- Dangerfield, John Henry
- Daniels, Holland Wrightson (“Toby”)
- Daniels, Ira
- Daniels, Julius
- Daniels, Paul
- Dantzler, Isaac
- Dash, (St.) Julian Bennett
- Davis, Gary (“Blind Gary,” “Rev. Gary”)
- Davis, Isaac (“Son”)
- Davis, M. L.
- Davis, Raymond (“Sting Ray”)
- Dean, Stephen
- Delaney, Tom (Thomas Henry)
- Derrick, Charles D., Jr.
- Dillard, Moses Chriswell, Jr.
- Dixon, Ola Mae
- Doctor, Joseph
- Dogan, Nathaniel
- Dooley, Simmie (Simeon; “Blind Simmie”)
- Downing, Zeno
- Drayton, Charles Exodus
- Drayton, Joseph
- Dreher, Clarence M.
- Drew, Patti
- E
- Earl(e), Eugene
- Eclipse Brass Band
- Ellis, Jimmy (James Thomas, II)
- Ellis, McKinley T.
- Ellis, Melvin (“Prezzy”)
- Erwin, Gary Anthony
- Esquerita (Eskew Reeder; “Fabulash,” “Magnificent Malochi,” “S. Q.”)
- Evans, Ernest
- F
- Fantastic Johnny C (Johnnie J. Corley, Jr.)
- Fawks, John
- Felix, Delbert Eugene
- Fennell, Ellory
- Ferguson, Cool John
- Ferguson, H-Bomb (Robert Percell; “Cobra Kid”)
- Ferguson, Jim (James Warner)
- Fields, Geechie (Julius P.)
- Fisher, Snow (George)
- Foote, Bea (Beatrice Harrisson Pugh)
- Foster, Tommie (Thomas)
- Fowler, Craig
- Frazier, Jake (Jacob William)
- Frazier, Theodore
- Free, Ron (Ronald Guy)
- Freed, Arthur
- Frost, Lottie
- G
- Gaffney, Howard Leon
- Gardiner, Robert Aman
- Garland, Hank (Walter Louis; “Sugarfoot”)
- Garlington, John C.
- Garrison, Ame or Amy (Amelia L.)
- Gary, O. C.
- Gary, Sam (Samuel, Jr.)
- Gary, Sam (Sammie or Sammy Lee, Jr.)
- Gibbs, William
- Gill, Tommy (Thomas Lee, Jr.)
- Gillespie, Dizzy (John Birks)
- Gilliard, Amos
- Gillum, Charles
- Gillum, Christopher
- Gillum, Paul
- Ginyard, J. C. (Caleb Nathaniel, Jr.)
- Glenn, Howard Lindbergh
- Glenn, Sadie Thomasina
- Glenn, William Henry
- Glover, Candice Rickelle
- Glover, James
- Godfrey, Rickey Eugene
- Goins, Elder James
- Goins, Mother Pauline Singleton
- Goodwin, Dick (Gordon Richard)
- Goodwin, Henry Clay
- Goodwin, Ralph Norman (“Iron Fingers”)
- Goudelock, John Acey
- Goudelock, Sharon
- Goudlock, Jack (John R.)
- Graham, Zacharias
- Grant, Isiah Alexander
- Grate, Tommy (Thomas, Jr.)
- Green, Butler
- Green, Daniel
- Green, Ed
- Green, Freddie (Frederick William; “Pep”)
- Greene, (Samantha) Madeline
- Griffin, Della (Ardella Gilliam, Della Simpson)
- Guitar Slim (James Stephens)
- H
- Hall, Jim (James Allen)
- Hamilton, Jimmy (James)
- Hamilton, Lonnie, III
- Hardison, Alex
- Hardison, Leroy
- Hardy, Alonzo
- Hardy, Leroy Pinckney
- Harper, (William) Emerson (“Geechie”)
- Harrington, Hamtree (James Carl)
- Harris, (Willie) Ralph
- Harvey, Aaron
- Haynes, John L., Jr.
- Haywood, Joe Dean
- Helbing, Stockton Thomas
- Helms, Johnny (John N.)
- Henderson, Earl
- Henderson, James
- Heyward, (Edwin) Dubose
- Higgins, Billy (William Weldon; “Jazz Caspar”)
- Hightower, Lottie Frost
- Hill, Bertha (“Chippie”)
- Hill, Wallace R.
- Holland, Peanuts (Herbert Lee)
- Holmes, Edward
- Holmes, Horace
- Holmes, Nat (Nathaniel; “Georgetown”)
- Holmes, Reuben Sam
- Hooks, Robert
- Howe, Jack Kenneth
- Hubbard, Lester or Leslie
- Humphries, Bill (William Darlington)
- Hunt, Lulu (Lula M.)
- Hunter, Robert
- Hurst, Mary Ann
- Hutto, J. B. (Joseph Benjamin)
- I
- Ironing Board Sam (Samuel Moore)
- Irving, Porter
- J
- Jackson, Archie
- Jackson, Arthur
- Jackson, Charles
- Jackson, Chuck (Charles)
- Jackson, Michael
- Jacobs, Charles
- Jamerson, James Lee
- Jefferson, Maceo Buckingham
- Jefferson, Warren W.
- Jenkins, Edmund Thornton
- Jenkins, Hezekiah (Zebedee Manigault)
- Jenkins, Lucas
- Jenkins, Nathaniel
- Jenkins, Robert
- Jenkins, Stirling Herbert
- Jenkins, Thaddeus (“Little Jabbo”)
- Jenkins, Walter (Walter Manigault)
- Jennings, Butler
- Jennings, Inez
- Johnson, Billy (William Francis)
- Johnson, Buddy (Woodrow Wilson)
- Johnson, Ella (Ella May or Ellamae)
- Johnson, Henry (“Rufe”)
- Johnson, Hiram
- Johnson, Jonas
- Johnson, Roosevelt
- Johnson, Thelmon
- Johnson, Wanda Jean
- Johnson, William
- Jones, Abraham
- Jones, Etta
- Jones, Rufus (“Speedy”)
- Jordan, (James) Taft
- K
- Keenan, Norman Dewey
- Kennedy, Arthur
- Kenny, George W., Jr.
- Kenyatta, Robin (Robert Prince Haynes)
- King, Mabel (Donnie Mabel Elizabeth Washington)
- Kirkland, Leroy E.
- Kitt, Eartha Mae
- Koon, Jessie
- Kyer, Wilson Harrison (“Peaches”)
- L
- Ladson, Samuel
- Leake, Henry
- Lee, Henry
- Leeke (Leake), Henry
- Lester, Henry
- Letman, Johnny (John Bernard)
- Lewis, Robert Stephen
- Liberty, Jeff (Jeffrey William)
- Ligon, Bert
- Livingston, Fud (Joseph Anthony)
- Livingston, Toots (Walter Francis, Jr.)
- Logan, Peter M. (“Hatsie”)
- Lovel, Joseph
- Lucky, Cab
- M
- Mack, Freddie (Fred, Jr.; “Mr. Super Bad”)
- Mack, Oscar Lee
- Mackey, Wes (Wesley)
- Mancha, Steve (Clyde Darnell Wilson)
- Manigault, Hezekiah
- Manigault, Walter
- Mars, Johnny (John Robert)
- Mars, Sylvia
- Martin, Albert (“Pepper”)
- Martin, Bill (William Edward)
- Martin, Fiddlin’ (Frank or Franklin)
- Martin, Rowland
- Martin, Walter
- Mason, Lil (Lillian; “Blues Mistress,” “Chicago’s Sweetheart of the Blues,” “Upstairs Lil”)
- Mayer, Luther, Jr.
- Mayhams, Norridge Bryant (“Norris the Troubadour”)
- Mazyck, Oscar
- McClennan, George A.
- McClintock, Lil
- McCutchen, Philip
- McFadden, Ruth Naomi
- McGee, Evelyn
- McGill, Benjamin
- McGill, Rollee
- McIntosh, Traps (Joseph)
- McKenzie, Mac (Elias W.)
- McKinney, Nina Mae (Probably Nannie M. McKenna)
- McNeill, Charles
- McPherson, Joseph
- Mercury, George
- Middleton, Frank
- Mikell, Francis Eugene
- Mikell, Otto Reginald
- Miles, Josie (Josephine)
- Miley, Bubber (James Wesley)
- Miller, Fred
- Miller, Johnny
- Mills, Alonzo J.
- Mills, Alonzo J., Jr.
- Mills, Robert
- Mills, Thomas (?)
- Milton, John
- Minger, Pete (George Allen)
- Mockabee, Rudy (Jesse Rudolph, Jr.)
- Moore, Samuel
- Morant, Joey (Joseph Nathaniel)
- Morgan, Henry
- Morrow, El (E. L.)
- Motley, Frank, Jr. (“Dual-Trumpet,” “Two Horn”)
- Mouzon, Alphonse
- Mulholland, Brian Thomas
- Mulligan, Levy
- Murphy, John
- Murray, Juggy (Henry, Jr.; “Big Foot,” “Juggy Murray Jones”)
- Myers, Leon
- Myott, Big Dave (David; “Bo”)
- N
- Nesbitt, Blind Gussie
- Nesbitt, Joseph
- New, Elliott Lanier
- Nick, John
- Nine Sizzling Syncopators
- Norris the Troubadour
- O
- Odom, King David
- Old Morrisville Brass Band
- Orell, Carter
- Original Charleston Camp-Meeting Shouters
- Ott, Horace
- P
- Palmer, Aaron Huntland, Jr.
- Palmer, Edmund Perry
- Parker, Aaron
- Parmley, Doc(k)
- Parmley, Edmond L. (“Lou,” “Luke”)
- Patrick, Edward Robert, Jr. (“Cornetsky,” “Fess”)
- Patrick, Jake (Jacob E.; “Trombonesky”)
- Pazant, Al (Alvin Bradford)
- Pazant, Eddie (Edward Theodore)
- Peek, Paul Edward, Jr.
- Peg Leg Sam (Arthur Jackson; “Peg Pete”)
- Pemberton, Roger Max
- Pennicks, Marion
- Pergno (?), William
- Perry, Ermit V.
- Perry, Glenwood
- Perrymid, William
- Person, Houston Stafford, Jr.
- Phelps, Walter Francis (“Uncle Walt”)
- Pinckney, Thomas Hamilton
- Pinckney, William
- Pinkney, (Willie) Bill
- Plantation Melody Quintet
- Platt, Robert
- Pope, Odean
- Porter, Aaron
- Porter, Bobby
- Potter, Chris (Joseph Christopher)
- Powe, Norman Ptolemey
- Powell, James
- Princeton, David
- Princeton, Sylvester
- Professor Clark’s Brass Band
- Pruitt, (Patrick) Shane
- Prysock, Arthur, Jr.
- Q
- Quattlebaum, Doug (Elijah Douglas)
- R
- Ramsey, Lewis
- Reddick, Billy
- Reddick, James (“Jabbo”)
- Reeder, Eskew
- Rennicks, Marion
- Rhoad, Toubo (Herbert Lee)
- Rice, Daryle
- Richardson, C. C. (Clarence Clifford; “Peg”)
- Richardson, Joe (“Deacon,” “Fender ‘Guitar’ Slim,” “Ground Hog,” “Tender Slim”)
- Richardson, John
- Richbourg, John D. (“John R.”)
- Riddick, Billy
- Riddick, James
- Riggins, Clyde
- Rivers, Arthur
- Rivers, Joe
- Rivers, Oscar, Jr.
- Robinson, Bobby (Morgan Clyde)
- Robinson, Danny (Lawrence or Laurence Dwain)
- Robinson, George
- Robinson, T. J. (Timothy James)
- Robinson, William (“Geechie”)
- Rodney, Linda Sullivan (“Chocolate Thunder”)
- Rosemond, (Crescent) Clinton
- Rosen, Terry (Terence E.)
- Roth, Sylvia
- Rudy Blue Shoes
- Russell, Snookum (Isaac Edward, Jr.)
- Russell, Stomp (Wilbert Allen)
- Russo, Charlie (Charles)
- Rutledge, Leroy
- Ryce, Daryle LaMaría (Daryle LaMaría Rice)
- S
- Scott, Arthur
- Scott, George
- Scott, Milford Kenneth
- Seabrooks, Thaddeus
- Sease, Marvin
- Sexton, (Mary) Ann
- Shelton, Come By
- Shepherd, Leo (“The Whistler”)
- Shine, Edward
- Shirley, Jimmy (James Arthur)
- Shorts, Etta Nora
- Shrimp City Slim (Gary Anthony Erwin)
- Sibley, Doris
- Simmons, Lewis
- Simmons, (Samuel) Lonnie
- Singleton, Charlton Pinckney
- Small, Drink (“Blues Doctor”)
- Smalls, Cliff (Clifton Arnold)
- Smalls, Ed (Edwin Alexander)
- Smalls, Edward
- Smalls, Joseph
- Smalls, Julius (“Geech”)
- Smiling Billy and His Collegiate Serenaders
- Smith, Albert
- Smith, Alton
- Smith, Arthur (“Guitar Boogie”)
- Smith, Chris (Christopher)
- Smith, Clara (“Queen of the Moaners,” “Songbird of the South”)
- Smith, Grace (“Bahama Mama”)
- Smith, Jabbo (Cladys)
- Smith, Lloyd F. (“Fatman”)
- Smith, Ray (Raymond Arthur)
- Smith, Willie (William McLeish)
- South Carolina Jubilee Singers
- Sowell, Richard
- Spearman, Toni (Ethel Louise)
- Spencer, Prince
- Spivak, Charlie (Charles)
- Spivak, Dubby (Wilma Hayes)
- Stafford, Alexander
- Staggers, Jake (Jacob C.; “J. C.”)
- Staley, Elijah
- Stallings, Big Daddy (Charles Edward)
- Stark, Cootie (Johnny Miller)
- Starks, Booker T.
- Stephens, James
- Sterbank, Mark John
- Stewart, Timothy
- Still, Cleveland
- Stirling, Joshua
- Stone, Angie (Angela Laverne Brown; “Angie B.”)
- Stone, Evelyn McGee
- Sullivan, Reggie (Grady Reginold, Jr.)
- Summers, Joseph B.
- T
- Taggart, Joel Washington (“Blind Joel,” “Blind Joe Donnell,” “Blind Tim Russell,” “Blind Jeremiah Taylor”)
- Tarlton, Jimmie (Johnny James Rimbert)
- Tate, Baby (Charles Henry)
- Taylor, Virgil
- Thayer, George
- Thomas, William
- Thompson, Lucky (Eli, Jr.)
- Threaks, Larry
- Tolbert, Skeets (Campbell Arelius)
- Townsend, Lonnie (Alonzo Gray, Jr.)
- Trappier, Traps (Arthur Benjamin)
- U
- Ulmer, Blood (James, Jr.)
- V
- Vanderford, Freddie (George Frederick)
- Vanderhorst, Samuel
- Van Vynckt, Raney (Raniel Bruno)
- Vaughn, James
- Vaughn, Richard
- W
- Walker, Barry A. (“Fatback”)
- Walker, Joe (“Blind Joe”)
- Walker, Otis
- Walker, Samuel
- Walker, Willie (“Blind Willie”)
- Wallace, Frank
- Ward, Henry
- Ward, Marv (Marvin Landon; “Rev. Marv”)
- Washboard Doc (Joseph Doctor)
- Washington, Aaron George
- Washington, Baby (Justine)
- Watson, Joseph
- Watson, Julius (“Hawk”)
- Wesley, Fred Alonzo, Jr.
- Westray, Ron (Ronald Kenneth, Jr.)
- Wheeler, Leroy, Jr. (“Brother,” “Shahees”)
- White, Amos Mordecai
- White, Bill (William)
- White, Josh (Joshua Daniel; “Tippy Barton,” “Pinewood Tom,” “The Singing Christian,” “Jimmy Walker”)
- Williams, Columbus
- Williams, Eddie (Edward David)
- Williams, Ermitt Valgen (“Mr. Blues”)
- Williams, Horace (“Spoons”)
- Williams, Horace
- Williams, John Calvin, Jr.
- Williams, John Henry
- Williams, Joseph
- Williams, Joseph M.
- Williams, Maurice
- Williams, Sandy (Alexander Balos)
- Williams, Walter Bernard
- Wilson, Benjamin
- Wilson, Clyde
- Wilson, John (“Shadow”)
- Wilson, Johnny
- Wilson, Ruby
- Wilson, Thomas
- Woods, Pearl (Lily Pearl Woodard)
- Wright, Herbert
- Wright, Steven or Stephen
- Wyatt, Rudy (J. Rudolph; “Blue Shoes”)
- Y
- Young, Herbert
- Young, Washboard Willie
- Young, Webster English
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