Guide for the design, construction and maintenance of natural stone facades

Guide for the design, construction and maintenance of natural stone facades

  • Autor: Fundación Centro Tecnolóxico do Granito de Galicia
  • Editor: Ideaspropias Editorial
  • eISBN Epub: 9788498394306
  • Lloc de publicació:  Vigo , Spain
  • Any de publicació digital: 2012
  • Mes: Desembre
  • Idioma: Espanyol

Building facade cladding makes up constructive systems in which natural stone, as well as providing its exceptional aesthetic value, gives many of its features. This e-book explains the regulations about natural stone in facade projects, calculation and execution, and quality controls. Likewise, the main methods and conditions for its maintenance, cleaning and conservation are defined.

  • Index
  • PRESENTATION
  • INTRODUCTION
  • 1. Stone for facade construction
    • 1.1. Brief historic overview
    • 1.2. Natural stone designation
    • 1.3. Natural stone varieties
    • 1.4. Surface finishes
    • 1.5. Stone advantages for facade construction
    • 1.6. Formats used in facades
      • 1.6.1. Slabs for cladding
      • 1.6.2. Modular tiles
  • 2. Natural stone controls
    • 2.1. CE marking
    • 2.2. Control requirements
      • 2.2.1. Size requirements
      • 2.2.2. Flexural strength
      • 2.2.3. Anchor strength
      • 2.2.4. Water absorption at atmospheric pressure
      • 2.2.5. Coefficient of water absorption by capillarity
      • 2.2.6. Frost resistance
      • 2.2.7. Resistance to ageing by thermal shock
      • 2.2.8. Sensitivity to changes in appearance produced by thermal cycles
      • 2.2.9. Marble resistance to thermal and moisture cycles
      • 2.2.10. Resistance to the impact of hard objects
      • 2.2.11. Bulk density and open porosity determination
      • 2.2.12. Petrographic denomination
      • 2.2.13. Fire performance
      • 2.2.14. Soluble salt crystalisation
      • 2.2.15. Appearance
  • 3. Legislation and regulations
    • 3.1. Building Management Law (LOE)
    • 3.2. Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE)
    • 3.3. EOTA’s guideline draft
    • 3.4. Technical Approval Certificate (DIT)
    • 3.5. Fitness for Use Document (DAU)
    • 3.6. Other regulations
  • 4. The facade project
    • 4.1. Stone selection
    • 4.2. Claddings without air space
      • 4.2.1. Claddings fixed with adhesives
      • 4.2.2. Claddings fixed with mortar and holding rods
      • 4.2.3. Claddings with mechanical fixing and backfilling with bastard mortar
    • 4.3. Claddings with mechanical fixing: ventilated facade
      • 4.3.1. Support
      • 4.3.2. Insulation
      • 4.3.3. Air space
      • 4.3.4. Anchors
      • 4.3.5. Joints
    • 4.4. Watertightness
      • 4.4.1. Watertightness in ventilated facades
      • 4.4.2. Impermeability degree
    • 4.5. Stability with fire
    • 4.6. Acoustic conditions
      • 4.6.1. Soundproofing of mixed elements
      • 4.6.2. Effect of the facade shape in soundproofing to airborne noise
      • 4.6.3. Windows and their requirements in the architectural project
  • 5. Facade calculation
    • 5.1. Actions on cladding
      • 5.1.1. Own weight
      • 5.1.2. Wind pressure determination
      • 5.1.3. Seismic actions determination
    • 5.2. Load distribution in the anchors for their selection
      • 5.2.1. Load distribution in horizontal joint
      • 5.2.2. Load distribution in vertical joint
    • 5.3. Slab thickness calculation
      • 5.3.1. Flexural stresses on the slab
      • 5.3.2. Cutting stresses on the slab in the anchor point
      • 5.3.3. Thickness required to support the impact actions
  • 6. Facade execution
    • 6.1. Setting-up general criteria
    • 6.2. Storage at worksite
    • 6.3. Facades with natural stone claddings without air space.
      • 6.3.1. Claddings fixed with adhesives
      • 6.3.2. Claddings fixed with mortar/adhesive and holding rods
      • 6.3.3. Claddings with mechanical fixing and backfilling
    • 6.4. Ventilated facade
      • 6.4.1. Setting out
      • 6.4.2. Square laying
      • 6.4.3. Metal section laying
      • 6.4.4. Thermal insulation laying
      • 6.4.5. Air space laying
      • 6.4.6. Fixing of the anchor system to the support
      • 6.4.7. Execution of singular points
  • 7. Quality control
    • 7.1. Norms
      • 7.1.1. Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE)
      • 7.1.2. Products subject to the Construction Products Directive (CPD)
    • 7.2. Controls prior to delivery of stone
    • 7.3. Receipt controls at worksite
      • 7.3.1. Control sampling
    • 7.4. Execution controls
  • 8. Maintenance, cleaning and conservation
    • 8.1. Maintenance and conservation guidelines
    • 8.2. Guidelines and typology of cleaning methods
  • 9. Drawing up budgets
  • BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES