Urban Traditions and Historic Environments in Sindh

Urban Traditions and Historic Environments in Sindh

A Fading Legacy of Shikarpoor, Historic City

  • Autor: Naeem, Anila
  • Editor: Amsterdam University Press
  • Colección: Asian Cities
  • ISBN: 9789462981591
  • eISBN Pdf: 9789048531257
  • Lugar de publicación:  Amsterdam , Holanda
  • Año de publicación digital: 2017
  • Mes: Abril
  • Páginas: 269
  • DDC: 720.954918
  • Idioma: Ingles
Shikarpoor Historic City, in Sindh, Pakistan, has a rich historical heritage: as a central point on caravan trade routes, it served as the gateway to Afghanistan and Central Asia. In recognition of that history, in 1998 the government of Sindh named it a protected heritage site-but that status hasn't prevented the ongoing destruction of the city's historic fabric. This book tells the story of Shikarpoor and presents as complete a picture of its threatened historical fabric as possible, through copious maps and images past and present.
  • Cover
  • Table of Contents
  • List of Acronyms
  • Glossary of Local Terms
  • Acknowledgements
  • Author’s Note
  • 1. Shikarpoor Historic Town
    • Introduction, Background and Development
    • Historical Background
      • The Daudpotas
      • The Kalhoras
      • The Afghans
      • The Talpurs
      • British Rule
    • The Shikarpoori Merchants and their Network
    • Development of Shikarpoor: Growth Pattern and Expansions Directions
      • The Walled City (Seventeenth-Eighteenth Century)
      • Early Extensions (Late Eighteenth and Mid-Nineteenth century)
      • Colonial Expansions (1843-1947)
      • Post-Independence Developments (1947 onwards)
    • Administrative and Socioeconomic Aspects
      • Present Administrative Set-up
      • Socioeconomic Context and Demographics
    • Trade, Commerce and Industry
    • Connectivity to the City
    • Summary
  • 2. The Character of Shikarpoor’s Historic Fabric
    • Layout of the City: Streets, Circulation and Composition
      • Circulation Pattern and Street Hierarchy within Walled Limits
      • ‘Mohallas’ or Neighbourhoods
      • Plot Parcels
    • Components of the Built Fabric: Open spaces, Urban elements and Buildings
      • Opens Spaces and Natural Assets
      • Parks/Public Gardens
      • Graveyards and Mukams
      • Small Squares within the Walled City (for Wells)
      • Agricultural Lands and Orchards
      • Irrigation Canals
      • Water Tanks
    • Urban Elements
      • Archways
      • Entranceway to Streets or Open Space
      • Entrance Doors
      • Inscriptions
      • Fire Prevention
      • Pedestrian Bridge
      • Wells/Hand Pumps
      • Drinking-Water Fountains (Sabeel)
    • Buildings/Architecture
      • Types and Usage
      • Building Heights and Number of Storeys
      • Ownership and Occupancy
      • Materials and Construction Techniques
  • 3. The Dominant Building Types
    • Residential, Commercial, Religious and Other Public Buildings
    • Residential: Havelis and Mansions
    • Commercial: Bazaars and Shops
      • Covered (Dhak) Bazaar
      • Stuart Gunj Bazaar
    • Religious: Temples, Mosques and Shrines
    • Other Landmark Buildings
  • 4. Characteristic Architectural Features of Historic Buildings
    • Balcony/Balconette
      • Columns/Coupled Columns
      • Arched or Decorative Windows/Ventilators
      • Pediments/Broken Pediments
      • Roundels/Rosettes
      • Cornice/Mouldings
      • Entrance Portal
      • Festoons/Garlands
      • Cupolas/Chatris
      • Colonnaded/Arcaded Portico or Verandah
      • Grills/Iron Work
      • Carved Brackets
      • Projecting Timber Balcony/Gallery/Room
      • Openings with Fixed Openwork Panels/Masonry
      • Carved Timber Doors
      • Timber Pelmet
      • Lamp Niche
      • Decorative Parapet
      • Stucco Ornamentation
      • Courtyard (Sehn)/Open Spaces
      • Ornamented Soffit/Ceiling
      • Shiwala Temple
      • Pitched Roof
      • Dome
      • Sculpture
      • Marble/Stone Carved Panels
      • Pilasters
      • Room Bridging Over Street
      • Garbage chute
  • 5. Typological Classification and Grouping
    • Architectural and Period Styles
      • Group I
      • Group II
      • Group IIa
      • Group IIb
      • Group III
      • Group IIIa
      • Group IIIb
      • Group IV
      • Group V
      • Group VI
    • Volumetric Principles and Design Variations: Plan Typology
    • Value-Based Grouping
  • 6. The State of Conservation and Related Issues
    • Physical Condition and Threat Level
    • Identified Threats: Causes and Impacts
      • Demolitions
      • Afghan Fort/Kaffila Serai
      • Disappearing ‘Havelis’ and landmarks
      • Underutilization and inappropriate use of buildings
      • Inappropriate alterations
      • Neglect and inadequate maintenance
      • Property divisions
      • Lack of development investments
      • Degeneration of public, civic, institutional and recreational facilities
      • From urban to rural character and pattern
      • An ineffective municipality and an absence of a conservation masterplan
      • Lack of trained professionals
  • 7. Potentials and Prospects
    • Urban Revival – the Way Ahead
      • Identified potentials
    • Way Ahead: Implementation Actions and Policies
      • Proposed Actions for Implementation
      • Policy Guidelines
  • Epilogue
  • Bibliography
  • Index
  • List of Tables and Figures
    • Tables
      • Table 1.1 Chronology of important developments in the history of Shikarpoor till the time of Indo-Pakistan Partition; compiled from different historical sources
      • Table 1.2 Population estimates and census figures for Shikarpoor
    • Figures
      • Figure 1.1 Location of Sindh and Shikarpoor in the context of the Region
      • Figure 1.2 Map showing routes of Shikarpoori Merchants linking with Central Asia
      • Figure 1.3 Map of Shikarpoor showing its extent and growth from walled city to the present day
      • Figure 1.4 (A-E) Series of historic maps in the collection of Sindh Archives indicate changes in Shikarpoor’s administrative importance
      • Figure 1.5 Present boundaries of Shikarpur District
      • Figure 1.6 Boundaries of Shikarpoor’s Union Councils
      • Figure 2.1 Map showing street layout inside walled city and its early extensions on the eastern side
      • Figure 2.2 Open spaces in Shikarpoor
      • Figure 2.3 Shaheed Allah Buksh Municipal Park (Shahi Bagh)
      • Figure 2.4 Liaquat Park (Ganesh Bagh)
      • Figure 2.5 Plaque inside Ganesh Park
      • Figure 2.6 Satellite image showing extents of Manchar Shah Ghazi Graveyard
      • Figure 2.7 Shamshan Ghat
      • Figure 2.8 (A & B) The temple complex near Shamshan Ghat enclosure
      • Figure 2.9 Open spaces within the walled city area
      • Figure 2.10 Agricultural fields
      • Figure 2.11 The Sindh Wah
      • Figure 2.12 Historic map of 1915 showing water tanks
      • Figure 2.13 (A & B) Archways
      • Figure 2.14 Entranceway to streets
      • Figure 2.15 Bab-e-Ahmadi – entrance to a public open space
      • Figure 2.16 Ornate entrances of houses
      • Figure 2.17 Inscription panels
      • Figure 2.18 Fire-fighting hydrants
      • Figure 2.19 Sukpul – pedestrian bridge
      • Figure 2.20 (A & B) Public wells
      • Figure 2.21 (A & B) Water troughs in Shikarpoor
      • Figure 2.22 Usage map of historic buildings
      • Figure 2.23 (A & B) Motifs and patterns on façades
      • Figure 2.24 External plasterwork on historic structures
      • Figure 2.25 Ramdas Hall
      • Figure 2.26 Vault in ‘Old Sessions Court’
      • Figure 2.27 (A-D) Figurative carvings over door tympanums
      • Figure 3.1 Schematic layout and section
      • Figure 3.2 Double height lounge
      • Figure 3.3 (A-C) Flooring patterns and dado tiles
      • Figure 3.4 (A & B) Decorative façades of traditional houses
      • Figure 3.5 (A & B) Basant Haveli
      • Figure 3.6 (A & B) Murlimal Haveli
      • Figure 3.7 Khanchand Haveli
      • Figure 3.8 Haveli street
      • Figure 3.9 Dead-end haveli street
      • Figure 3.10 Autaaq – guest house
      • Figure 3.11 Bungalow-style residences
      • Figure 3.12 Residence inspired by bungalow style
      • Figure 3.13 (A & B) Shikarpoor’s Dhak (Covered) Bazaar
      • Figure 3.14 Layout of the Dhak (Covered) Bazaar street
      • Figure 3.15 (A-D) Shops inside Dhak Bazaar
      • Figure 3.16 Stuart Gunj Bazaar
      • Figure 3.17 (A & B) Stuart Gunj Bazaar in morning hours
      • Figure 3.18 Street profile of the Main Bazaar Street
      • Figure 3.19 (A-D) A well-preserved cluster in Dhak Bazaar
      • Figure 3.20 (A & B) Gourmet delights of Diwan Hotel
      • Figure 3.21 (A & B) ‘Sheva Mandli Shanker Bharti Temple’
      • Figure 3.22 (A & B) Khatwari Mandir and Dharamsala
      • Figure 3.23 (A & B) Haveli temples
      • Figure 3.24 (A-D) ‘Shiwala’ temples
      • Figure 3.25 Mosques inside Shikarpoor’s historic core
      • Figure 3.26 Early traditions of mosque
      • Figure 3.27 (A & B) Jamia mosques
      • Figure 3.28 Dargah Haji Fakirullah Alvi
      • Figure 3.29 (A & B) Government Boys’ High School #2
      • Figure 3.30 (A & B) Tourmal Mulchand Chhabria Budha Ashram (Old People’s Home)
      • Figure 3.31 (A & B) RBUT Hospital (Civil Hospital)
      • Figure 3.32 (A & B) Seth Chellasing and Sitaldas College
      • Figure 3.33 (A-C) Dewan Power House
      • Figure 4.1 Bar chart of architectural elements
      • Figure 4.2 Chimney of a rice mill
      • Figure 4.3 Some samples of balconies/balconettes from Shikarpoor’s listed historic buildings
      • Figure 4.4 Samples of columns/coupled columns from Shikarpoor’s listed historic buildings
      • Figure 4.5 Some samples of windows from Shikarpoor’s listed historic buildings
      • Figure 4.6 Some samples of pediments from Shikarpoor’s listed historic buildings
      • Figure 4.7 Samples of roundels/rosettes
      • Figure 4.8 Samples of cornice/mouldings
      • Figure 4.9 Samples of entrance portal
      • Figure 4.10 Samples of festoons/garlands
      • Figure 4.11 Samples of cupolas/chatris
      • Figure 4.12 Samples of colonnaded/arcaded portico or verandah
      • Figure 4.13 Samples of grilles/iron work
      • Figure 4.14 Samples of carved brackets
      • Figure 4.15 Samples of the mohari treatment of façade in different ways
      • Figure 4.16 Samples of openings with fixed openwork panels/masonry
      • Figure 4.17 Samples of carved timber doors
      • Figure 4.18 Samples of timber pelmet
      • Figure 4.19 Samples of niche for lamp
      • Figure 4.20 Samples of decorative parapet
      • Figure 4.21 Samples of stucco ornamentation
      • Figure 4.22 Samples of courtyard/open spaces within residences
      • Figure 4.23 Samples of patterns used in ornamented soffits of external projections
      • Figure 4.24 Samples of shiwala temple
      • Figure 4.25 Samples of pitched roof
      • Figure 4.26 Variety of domes used in mosques, shrines and temples
      • Figure 4.27 Samples of sculpture
      • Figure 4.28 Samples of marble or stone carved panels
      • Figure 4.29 Samples of pilasters
      • Figure 4.30 Samples of room bridging over street
      • Figure 4.31 Samples of garbage chute
      • Figure 5.1 (A-C) Buildings representing group I
      • Figure 5.2 (A-C) Buildings representing Group IIa
      • Figure 5.3 Group IIa example built in 1899
      • Figure 5.4 (A-C) Buildings forming Group IIb
      • Figure 5.5 (A-C) Representative cases of Group IIIa
      • Figure 5.6 (A-C) Examples of Group IIIb
      • Figure 5.7 (A-C) Representative cases of Group IV
      • Figure 5.8 (A-C) Representative cases of Group V
      • Figure 5.9 (A & B) Examples of Group VI
      • Figure 5.10 Typological grouping
      • Figure 5.11 Mapping of ‘degree of value’ groups
      • Figure 5.12 Comparative matrix of the buildings comprising the four ‘value based’ groups
      • Figure 5.13 (A & B) 1st degree value group
      • Figure 5.14 (A-C) 2nd degree value group
      • Figure 5.15 (A-C) 3rd degree value group
      • Figure 5.16 (A & B) 4th degree value group
      • Figure 6.1 Mapping of the present state of deterioration
      • Figure 6.2 (A & B) Open spaces inside kafilaserai
      • Figure 6.3 (A & B) The Afghan Kafilaserai
      • Figure 6.4 (A & B) Murlidhar Haveli
      • Figure 6.5 (A & B) Haveli near Nausharo Gate Road and Karan Gate Road junction
      • Figure 6.6 Antiques and artefacts shops
      • Figure 6.7 (A & B) Lakhmichand Teckchand Municipal Dispensary
      • Figure 6.8 Dharamsala complex
      • Figure 6.9 (A & B) A temple/dharamsala complex
      • Figure 6.10 The Old Municipality building
      • Figure 6.11 Hassaram Lala Mahal School
      • Figure 6.12 Haphazard alterations
      • Figure 6.13 (A-C) Inappropriate alterations defacing façades
      • Figure 6.14 Neglect and disrepair
      • Figure 6.15 (A & B) Dayal Singh Luni Singh Boys’ Hostel
      • Figure 6.16 Buffalo herd on Circular Road
      • Figure 6.17 Donkey carts – a common mode of transportation
      • Figure 7.1 Mapping of positive and negative components
      • Figure 7.2 (A & B) Heritage inventories

SUSCRÍBASE A NUESTRO BOLETÍN

Al suscribirse, acepta nuestra Politica de Privacidad