This book engages with Parvīn Etesami in the transformational context of the early twentieth century in Iran to investigate the controversies around her identity as a popular female poet.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- A Note on Translation, Transliteration and Footnotes
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- A Historical-Cultural Context
- Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Life
- Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Poetry
- Literature Review
- Research on Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī outside Iran
- Studying Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī in Iran
- Gaps in Previous Studies
- Research Question
- Conceptual Framework and Methodology
- Organisation of Chapters
- Chapter One. The Conundrum of Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Authorship
- Muslim–Iranian Gender Norms
- Writing and Publishing: Acts of Transgression
- The Obligations of Femininity
- As Feminine As a ‘Woman’
- Transgressing Gender Norms
- Conclusion
- Chapter Two. Munāẓara: Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Mirror of Transgressive Innovations
- Persian munāẓara: A Historical Background
- Asadī’s Munāẓaras: A Brief Survey
- An Introduction to Parvīn’s Munāẓaras
- Parvīn’s Religiosity
- ‘God’s Weaver’: An Investigation
- Conclusion
- Chapter 3. Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Socio-political Engagement
- Introduction
- Socio-political Backdrop of Parvīn’s Life
- Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
- Re-establishment of Monarchy: The Pahlavi Regime
- Introduction of Socio-political Themes into Persian Poetry
- Socio-political Themes in Parvīn’s Poetry: A Backdrop
- Female Emancipation
- ‘Sapling of Hope’
- ‘Women in Iran’
- Social Justice
- Criticism of the State
- ‘Thief and Judge’
- ‘Drunk and Sober’126
- A Mystical Interpretation
- Socio-political Implications
- Conclusion
- Chapter 4. Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī’s Reception History: From Patronisation to School Curricula
- Why is Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī Still Popular?
- A Reception History of Parvīn’s Mystic-didactic Poetry
- Classical Persian Poetry in School Curricula
- Parvīn’s Poetry in School Curricula
- Luṭf-i ḥaqq (‘God’s Grace’)74
- Saᶜī-yu ᶜamal (‘Endeavour and Action’)
- Dirakht-i bī-bar (‘Fruitless Tree’)
- Ārizū-yi parvāz (‘Longing to Fly’)
- Surūd-i khārkan (‘Thistle-collector’s Song’)
- Mast-u hushyār (‘Drunk and Sober’)
- Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Parvīn’s Poetry in Service of Contemporary Politics
- Ali Khamenei, Engrossed by Parvīn Iᶜtiṣāmī
- Conclusion
- Epilogue
- Appendix
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Index
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