We in the United States have almost come to accept natural disasters as part of our nation's social fabric. News of property damage, economic and social disruption, and injuries follow earthquakes, fires, floods and hurricanes. Surprisingly, however, the total losses that follow these natural disasters are not consistently calculated. We have no formal system in either the public or private sector for compiling this information. The National Academies recommends what types of data should be assembled and tracked.
- The Impacts of Natural Disasters
- Copyright
- Preface
- Contents
- Executive Summary
- 1 Estimating the Losses of Natural Disasters
- NATURAL DISASTERS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THEIR EFFECTS
- WHY LOSS ESTIMATES MATTER
- 2 Direct Losses of Natural Disasters
- DATA RELATING TO PHYSICAL DESTRUCTION: THE IDEAL
- DIRECT-IMPACT DATA: THE REALITY
- Insurance Claims
- Losses to Government
- Losses to Businesses
- Losses to Individuals
- STANDARDIZING LOSS ESTIMATES
- RECOMMENDATIONS
- 3 Indirect Losses of Natural Disasters
- INTRODUCTION
- TYPES OF INDIRECT LOSSES
- CURRENT METHODS OF MEASURING INDIRECT LOSSES
- OPTIMAL METHODS FOR MEASURING INDIRECT ECONOMIC FLOW EFFECTS
- 4 Conclusions and Recommendations
- LOSSES VERSUS COSTS
- DIRECT LOSSES: DATA COLLECTION, REPORTING, AND AGENCY AND ORGANIZATIONAL ROLES
- INDIRECT LOSSES: MODELING THE LOSSES AND CONSTRUCTING A LOSS DATA BASE
- MOVING TOWARD BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF DISASTER LOSSES
- References
- Appendix A Environmental Impacts of Natural Disasters
- BACKGROUND PRINCIPLES
- FLOODS
- DROUGHTS
- HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS
- SEVERE LOCAL STORMS
- EARTHQUAKES
- HIGH WINDS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
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