In The Revolution Has Come Robyn C. Spencer traces the Black Panther Party's organizational evolution in Oakland, California, where hundreds of young people came to political awareness and journeyed to adulthood as members. Challenging the belief that the Panthers were a projection of the leadership, Spencer draws on interviews with rank-and-file members, FBI files, and archival materials to examine the impact the organization's internal politics and COINTELPRO's political repression had on its evolution and dissolution. She shows how the Panthers' members interpreted, implemented, and influenced party ideology and programs; initiated dialogues about gender politics; highlighted ambiguities in the Panthers' armed stance; and criticized organizational priorities. Spencer also centers gender politics and the experiences of women and their contributions to the Panthers and the Black Power movement as a whole. Providing a panoramic view of the party's organization over its sixteen-year history, The Revolution Has Come shows how the Black Panthers embodied Black Power through the party's international activism, interracial alliances, commitment to address state violence, and desire to foster self-determination in Oakland's black communities.
- Cover
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- 1. Seize the Time: The Roots of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California
- 2. In Defense of Self-Defense
- 3. Moving on Many Fronts: The Black Panther Party’s Transformation from Local Organization to Mass Movement
- 4. Inside Political Repression, 1969–1971
- 5. “Revolution Is a Process Rather Than a Conclusion”: Rebuilding the Party, 1971–1974
- 6. The Politics of Survival: Electoral Politics and Organizational Transformation
- 7. “I Am We”: The Demise of the Black Panther Party, 1977–1982
- Conclusion
- Notes
- Bibliography
- Index
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