Cultures in Contact

World Migrations in the Second Millennium

Autor: Hoerder, Dirk; Gordon, Andrew; Keyssar, Alexander; James, Daniel
Editor: Duke University Press
Col·lecció: Comparative and international working-class history
ISBN: 9780822328346
eISBN Pdf: 9780822384076
Lloc de publicació: Durham , United States
Any de publicació digital: 2002
Mes: Novembre
Pàgines: 808
DDC: 304.8
Idioma: Anglés

Descripció

A landmark work on human migration around the globe, Cultures in Contact provides a history of the world told through the movements of its people. It is a broad, pioneering interpretation of the scope, patterns, and consequences of human migrations over the past ten centuries. In this magnum opus thirty years in the making, Dirk Hoerder reconceptualizes the history of migration and immigration, establishing that societal transformation cannot be understood without taking into account the impact of migrations and, indeed, that mobility is more characteristic of human behavior than is stasis.

Signaling a major paradigm shift, Cultures in Contact creates an English-language map of human movement that is not Atlantic Ocean-based. Hoerder describes the origins, causes, and extent of migrations around the globe and analyzes the cultural interactions they have triggered. He pays particular attention to the consequences of immigration within the receiving countries. His work sweeps from the eleventh century forward through the end of the twentieth, when migration patterns shifted to include transpacific migration, return migrations from former colonies, refugee migrations, and distinct regional labor migrations in the developing world. Hoerder demonstrates that as we enter the third millennium, regional and intercontinental migration patterns no longer resemble those of previous centuries. They have been transformed by new communications systems and other forces of globalization and transnationalism.

Contents
List of Maps and Figures
Acknowledgments and Dedication
Contexts: An Introductory Note to Readers
1. Worlds in Motion, Cultures in Contact
- 1.1 : People on the Move - Changes over Ten Centuries
- 1.2. : Changing Paradigms and New Approaches
- 1.3 : Migrants as Actors and a Systems Approach
Part I: The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Mediterranean and Eurasian Worlds to the 1500s
- 2. Antecedents: Migration and Population Changes in the Mediterranean-Asian Worlds
  - 2.1 : The Afro-Eurasian World
  - 2.2 : Over Continents and Oceans: Cross-Cultural Encounters
  - 2.3 : Pre-Plague Migrations in Mediterranean and Transalpine Europe
  - 2.4 : Population Growth and Decline
- 3. Continuities: Mobility and Migration from the Eleventh to the Sixteenth Century
  - 3.1 : Itinerancy at the Top of Dynastic Society
  - 3.2 : Migrations of Rural People and Servants
  - 3.3. : The Urban World of Commerce and Production
  - 3.4 : Pilgrims' and Clerics' Wanderings Stimulated by Devotion and Curiosity
- 4. The End of Intercivilizational Contact and the Economics of Religious Expulsions
  - 4.1 : The End of Coexistence: Expulsion of Muslims
  - 4.2 : Continuing Persecution: Anti-Jewish Pogroms and Expulsions
  - 4.3 : Internecine Strife: Christians against Christians
- 5. Ottoman Society, Europe, and the Beginnings of Colonial Contact
  - 5.1 : Ethnic Coexistence in Ottoman Society
  - 5.2 : Many-Cultured Renaissance Europe
  - 5.3 : From the Iberian Peninsula to Sub-Saharan Africa and across the Atlantic
Part II: Other Worlds and European Colonialism to the Eighteenth Century
- 6. Africa and the Slave Migration Systems
  - 6.1 : Migration and the Mixing of Peoples in Sub-Saharan Africa to the Sixteenth Century
  - 6.2 : Merchant Communities and Ethnogenesis
  - 6.3 : Changes: The Atlantic Slave Trade to the Nineteenth Century
  - 6.4 : Continuities: Slavery in the Islamic and Asian Worlds
  - 6.5 : The Transformation of Slavery in Atlantic and Muslim Africa
- 7. Trade-Posts and Colonies in the World of the Indian Ocean
  - 7.1 : Migrations of Peoples and Merchants before European Contact
  - 7.2 : Parsees, Jews, Armenians, and Other Traders
  - 7.3 : Portuguese Trade-Posts, Spanish Manila, Chinese Merchants
  - 7.4 : Slavery and Eurasian Society under Dutch Colonial Rule
  - 7.5 : Colonizing Cores, Global Reach, and the British Shift to Territorial Rule
- 8. Latin America: Population Collapse and Resettlement
  - 8.1 : Peoples of the Americas in 1492 - Demographic and Cultural Collapse
  - 8.2 : Iberian Migration and Settlement
  - 8.3 : Early Exploitation and Enslavement in the Caribbean
  - 8.4 : The First Transpacific Migration System
  - 8.5 : Ethnogenesis in Latin America
  - 8.6 : Internal Migrations in the Colonial Societies
- 9. Fur Empires and Colonies of Agricultural Settlement
  - 9.1 : Fur Empires in North America and Siberia
  - 9.2 : North America: Native Peoples and Colonization
  - 9.3 : Forced, Bound, and Free Migrations
  - 9.4 : Across the North American Continent: Settlement Migration in Stages
  - 9.5 : Other Settlement Colonies: The African Cape and Australia
- 10. Forced Labor Migration in and to the Americas
  - 10.1 : The Forced Immobility and Mobility of Native Labor in Spanish America
  - 10.2 : The Atlantic Slave Trade and African Slavery in Spanish America
  - 10.3 : Enslaved and Free Africans in Portuguese Brazil
  - 10.4 : Slave-Based Societies in the Caribbean
  - 10.5 : African Slavery in Anglo-America
- 11. Migration and Conversion: Worldviews, Material Culture, Racial Hierarchies
  - 11.1 : Euro-Atlantic Society Reconstructs Its Worldview
  - 11.2 : Material Culture in Everyday Life
  - 11.3 : New Peoples and Global Racism
Part III: Intercontinental Migration Systems to the Nineteenth Century
- 12. Europe: Internal Migrations from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century
  - 12.1 : Continuities and New Patterns from Medieval to Modern Migrations
  - 12.2 : Rural Colonization and Enclosure
  - 12.3 : Regional Labor Migration Systems, 1650s to 1830s
  - 12.4 : Urbanization and Migrations
  - 12.5 : Bourgeois Revolution, Nation, and Political Exile
- 13. The Russo-Siberian Migration System
  - 13.1 : Central Asian Peoples and Expansion into Siberia
  - 13.2 : Rual Colonization and Urban Migrations, 1700 - 1861
  - 13.3 : Peasants into Proletarians: Internal Migration in Industrializing Russia after Emancipation
  - 13.4 : The Nineteenth-Century Siberian Frontier and Chinese Mongolia
  - 13.5 : Leaving the Orbit of the Russo-Siberian System before 1914
  - 13.6 : The Soviet Union: The "Other America" or "Bolshevik Dictatorship"
- 14. The Proletarian Mass Migrations in the Atlantic Economies
  - 14.1 : From Subsistence to Cash: Family Economies in Crisis
  - 14.2 : The "Proletarian Mass Migration"
  - 14.3 : Transcultural Identities and Acculturation in the Age of Nation-States
- 15. The Asian Contract Labor System (1830s to 1920s) and Transpacific Migration
  - 15.1 : Traditional and New Patterns of Bondage
  - 15.2 : The Asian Contract Labor System
  - 15.3 : Internal Labor Migration: The Example of India under British Rule
  - 15.4 : "Coolie" and "Passenger" Migrations in Asia and to Africa
  - 15.5 : The Second Pacific Migration System
  - 15.6 : Racism and Exclusion
- 16. Imperial Interest Groups and Subaltern Cultural Assertion
  - 16.1 : Colonial Spaces in Africa
  - 16.2 : From the African Diaspora to the Black Atlantic
  - 16.3 : The Sociology of "White" Imperial Migrations
  - 16.4 : The Anthropology of Empire: Gender, Sex, and Children
  - 16.5 : Global Perspectives: Subaltern Cultures and Racialized Diasporas
Part IV: Twentieth-Century Changes
- 17. Forced Labor and Refugees in the Northern Hemisphere to the 1950s
  - 17.1 : Power Struggles and the Un-Mixing of Peoples
  - 17.2 : The New Labor Regimentation
  - 17.3 : Popluation Transfers, 1939-45 and After
  - 17.4 : Imperialism, Forced Labor, and Relocation in Asia
- 18. Between the Old and the New, 1920s to 1950s
  - 18.1 : Peasant Settlement from Canada to Manchuria
  - 18.2 : Diaspora to Homeland and Vice Versa: Jewish Migrants, Arab Refugees
  - 18.3 : Decolonization and Reverse Migrations
  - 18.4 : Aftermath or Continuity: Racialized Labor Mobility in South Africa
- 19. New Migration Systems since the 1960s
  - 19.1 : Migrant Strategies and Root Causes
  - 19.2 : Western and Southern Europe: Labor Migrants as Guest Workers and Foreigners
  - 19.3 : Multicultured and Multicolored Immigration to North America
  - 19.4 : Migration in and from Dependent Economies: The Caribbean, Central America, and South America
  - 19.5 : From Asia Outward: The Third Phase of Pacific Migrations
  - 19.6 : Intra-Asian Migrations and Diasporas
  - 19.7 : Labor Migration to the Oil Economies of the Persian Gulf
  - 19.8 : Intra-African Labor and Refugee Migrations
  - 19.9 : Eastern Europe: Internal Migrations and Post-1989 Changes
- 20. Intercultural Strategies and Closed Doors in the 1990s
  - 20.1 : From Multiethnic Polities to the Un-Mixing of Peoples into Nation-States and Decolonization
  - 20.2 : Economic Power or Global Justice: Modern Migrations
  - 20.3 : Citizenship in a Postnational World versus Global Apartheid
  - 20.4 : Multiple Identities and Transcultural Everyday Lives
Notes
Selected Bibliography
- 1. General Works and Atlases
- 2. Theory and Methodology: Recent Approaches
- 3. Medieval and Early Modern Migrations
- 4. Migrations from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century
  - General
  - Africa, including the Slave Trade and the Black Diaspora
  - Asia, including Contract Labor, West Asia (the Eastern Mediterranean), Hawai'i, and Australasia
  - Latin America and the Americas as a Whole
  - Anglo America
  - Europe, including Russia
- 5. Twentieth-Century Migrations to the 1950s
- 6. Migrations and Minorities since the 1950s
Sources for Maps and Figures
Index