The radical youth movements of the 1960s and '70s gave rise to both militant political groups ranging from urban guerrilla groups to autonomist counterculture, as well as radical media, including radio, music, film, video, and television. This book is concerned with both of those tendencies considered as bifurcations of radical media ecologies in the 1970s. While some of the forms of media creativity and invention mapped here, such as militant film and video, pirate radio and guerrilla television, fit within conventional definitions of media, others, such as urban guerrilla groups and autonomous movements, do not. Nevertheless what was at stake in all these ventures was the use of available means of expression in order to produce transformative effects, and they were all in different ways responding to ideas and practices of guerrilla struggle and specifically of guerrilla media. This book examines these radical media ecologies as guerrilla networks, emphasising the proximity and inseparability of radical media and political practices.
- Cover
- Table of Contents
- List of Illustrations
- Fig. 1: Che Guevara, the face of guerrilla subjectivation.
- Fig. 2: Ulrike Meinhof at the offices of Konkret.
- Fig. 3: Mini-Manual of the Urban Guerrilla and The Urban Guerrilla Concept.
- Fig. 4: Baader Meinhof wanted poster.
- Figs 5 and 6: The Weather Underground Media Ecology: Prairie Fire and Osawatomie.
- Fig. 7: Weather Underground members in Underground (1975).
- Fig. 8: The Sex Pistols on the Bill Grundy Show from The Filth and the Fury (Temple, 2000).
- Fig. 9: The Clash, ‘London Calling’ official music video (1979).
- Fig. 10: Joe Strummer in Red Brigades T-Shirt from Rude Boy (1980).
- Fig. 11: Radio Alice as presented in A/Traverso.
- Fig. 12: The Radio Alice Media Ecology at Work.
- Fig. 13: Godard’s Le gai savoir (1969)
- Fig. 14: The audiovision machine of History Lessons.
- Fig. 15: Alberto Grifi editing Anna (1975).
- Fig. 16: Fassbinder and Armin Meier in Germany in Autumn (1978).
- Fig. 17: Archival footage in Germany in Autumn (1978).
- Fig. 18: Richard Nixon in Millhouse (1971).
- Fig. 19: ‘This Barrier is a metaphor for the war in Vietnam’: The Weather Underground in Underground (1976).
- Fig. 20: Ici et Ailleurs (1974), video mixing Golda Meir and Adolf Hitler.
- Fig. 21: Ici et Ailleurs (1974), alternative modes of editing.
- Fig. 22: Video superimposition in Six Fois Deux (1976).
- Fig. 23: Fassbinder’s World on a Wire (1973).
- Fig. 24: Ant Farm’s Media Burn (1975).
- Fig. 25: Guerrilla Television manual.
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- 1. Media (An)archaeology, Ecologies, and Minor Knowledges
- Introduction: The Long 1970s
- Concepts of Media Archaeology, Anarcheology and Media Ecologies
- Radical and Guerrilla Media
- Popular Cultures, Minor Subjugated Knowledges and Expressive Machines
- 2. Armed Guerrilla Media Ecologies from Latin America to Europe
- Introduction: Contra ‘Mass Mediated Terrorism’
- Revolution in the Revolution: The Urban Guerrilla Concept from Latin America to Europe and North America
- Brigate Rosse and Armed Struggle in Italy
- The ‘Baader Meinhof Complex’ and the June 2nd Movement
- Weather Variations: Weatherman, the Weather Underground, and the Symbionese Liberation Army
- 3. Autonomy Movements, the Nexus of 1977, and Free Radio
- Introduction: Radical Politics, Bifurcations, and the Event
- Italian Workerism and Autonomia
- 1977 as Nexus: The Movement of 1977, Creative Autonomia, and Punk
- Rebellious Radio from Marconi to Free Radios
- Media beyond ‘Socialist Strategy’: Enzensberger, Baudrillard, and the Genealogy of Radio Alice
- The Media Ecology of Radio Alice
- 4. Militant Anti-Cinemas, Minor Cinemas and the Anarchive Film
- Introduction: Destroying the (Cinema) Apparatus, Transforming the (Audiovisual) Machine
- Militant Anti-Cinemas in the 1970s
- Minor Anti-Cinemas: Anti Psychiatric, Heretical, Feminist, and Postcolonial
- The Counter-Public Sphere, Anarchival Film, and Documentary Symptomatologies
- 5. Ecologies of Radical and Guerrilla Television
- Introduction: Cinema/Television/Video or Cain vs. Abel Revisited
- Sonimage, Fassbinder, and Radical Auteur Television
- Ecologies of Guerrilla Television: Ant Farm, Raindance Corporation, TVTV, and Radical Software
- Conclusion: Terms of Cybernetic Warfare
- Endnotes
- Bibliography
- Key Film, Television, and Video Cited
- Index
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